Available energy is the main object at stake in the struggle for existence
and the evolution of the world. —
Ludwig Boltzmann
Boltzmann gas & a two-dimensional Ising spin model
A simulation that shows how the average velocity distribution approaches the theoretically
obtained curve. A two-dimensional Ising spin model showing the magnetization as function of the temperature.
First law of thermodynamics and adiabatic expansion & compression
Adiabatic compression of an ideal gas.Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas.
3D Brownian motion & gas of CO molecules
This random motion was first described by the Scottish botanist
Robert Brown, who
observed these motions while looking at pollen through his microscope.Carbon monoxide gas — this simulation shows that every degree of freedom of every
particle has the same expectation value of energy.