Interactive three-dimensional simulations & visualizations

Visualizing the beauty in physics and mathematics


Project maintained by zhendrikse Hosted on GitHub Pages — Theme by mattgraham

Philosophy is written in this grand book — I mean universe — which stands continuously open to our gaze, but which cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures, without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth. — Galileo Galilei (1623).

Welcome to my Math Art Gallery

All geometric shapes below were created with basically the same plotting software that I have written in VPython.

Toroids


Torus
The torus is the simplest toroid and hence is frequently seen in topological contexts.
Torus
A torus, a trivial example of a connected orientable surface of genus one.
Bow curve
The Bow curve.
Trefoil knot
Trefoil knot, the simplest example of a (non-trivial) knot.

Limpet Torus
The limpet torus.
Elliptic torus
Elliptic torus.

Double torus
Double torus.
Twisted torus
A twisted torus.

Non-orientable surfaces


Möbius strip & Klein's bottle


Möbius strip
The famous Möbius strip, perhaps the most well-known non-orientable surface.
Klein's bottle
The most well-known embedding of Klein's bottle in three-dimensional space.

Figure-8 Klein bottle
Klein's bottle also can be obtained by gluing two Möbius strips together.
Gray's Klein bottle
Grays Klein's bottle.

The real projective plane


Cross capp
Paul Bourke's parametrization for the cross cap.
Self-intersecting plane
A sliced cross-capped disk is homeomorphic to a self-intersecting disk.

Spherical harmonics


Spherical harmonics are of the form $r = \sin(m_0\phi)^{m_1} + \cos(m_2\phi)^{m_3} + \sin(m_4\theta)^{m_5} + \cos(m_6\theta)^{m_7}$ where

Spherical harmonic
Spherical harmonic that was generated for .....
Spherical harmonic
Spherical harmonic that was generated for .....

Spherical harmonic
Spherical harmonic that was generated for .....
Spherical harmonic
Spherical harmonic that was generated for .....

Spirals


Dini's spiral
Dini's spiral, Dini's surface, or twisted pseudo-sphere: characterized by a surface of constant (negative) curvature, named after Ulisse Dini.
Dini's spiral
Contour plot of Dini's spiral, where this time the scope of the parameter $\phi$ has been enlarged to generate more stages.

Conchoidal
Nature meets mathematics: a purely mathematically generated seashell, with the parametrization found on Paul Bourke's site.
Conchoidal
Another seashell, rendered with contours and generated with another parametrization from the website of Sage Math.

Miscellaneous


Dented object
A dented object.
Arc shape
Arc.

Ball and torus
Combined ball and torus.
Bubbles shape
A surface of revolution.


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