Philosophy is written in this grand book — I mean universe — which stands continuously open to our gaze,
but which cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language in which it is written.
It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures,
without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering about
in a dark labyrinth. —
Galileo Galilei (1623).
Welcome to my Math Art Gallery
All geometric shapes below were created with basically the same plotting software
that I have written in VPython.
Toroids
The torus is the simplest toroid and hence is frequently seen in topological contexts.A torus, a trivial example of a connected orientable surface of
genus one.
The famous Möbius strip,
perhaps the most well-known non-orientable surface.The most well-known embedding of
Klein's bottle
in three-dimensional space.
Dini's spiral, Dini's surface,
or twisted pseudo-sphere: characterized by a surface of constant (negative) curvature,
named after Ulisse Dini.Contour plot of Dini's spiral, where this time the scope of the parameter $\phi$
has been enlarged to generate more stages.
Nature meets mathematics: a purely mathematically generated seashell, with the parametrization
found on Paul Bourke's site.
Another seashell, rendered with contours and generated with another parametrization from the website of Sage Math.